Sunday, January 24, 2016

Plague of dancing


Known as choreomania (from Greek "choros" which means dance, and "mania" - madness), Dancing St. John or Dance of St. Vitus, this strange epidemic has been recorded numerous times during the Middle Ages in Europe (especially in period XIV – XVII century). Symptoms of this disease presented in these written sources were unable to provide a clear, contemporary researchers, from poverty to detail, but also because the authors inability to understand disease from the perspective of modern medicine. Most accepted doubts about this dance craze were assigned amid mass hysteria or nerve diseases, such as epilepsy. Unfortunately, this argument can not be considered because epilepsy is not a contagious disease. As such, we can not accept reasonable motivation that those who joined the craze were only comprised of the people already affected by epilepsy.

After studying various medieval sources about this disease, it has seen a pattern which met at all. Thus, most
"dance epidemics" were characterized by collective manifestations in groups that varied in number from a few to several hundred people. During dances, participants sang, screamed and laughed frantically. Hours dance
continue to induce a trance participants and ecstasy, followed by a faint, or even their death. It managed to identify specific medical conditions such as seizures, chest pain, hyperventilation, hallucinations and attacks with symptoms similar to epilepsy.

It was also observed that most of those who participated in these dances were foreigners zones, often erupted during a pilgrimage and attracting even some of the locals. These events collectively could break out and gather participants during their deployment or from one sufferer may collect dozens if not hundreds of other dancers around him.

According to sources, those affected by these epidemics dance would have reacted violently to any observer refusal to join them, which explains why healthy people participating in these epidemics purely recreational reasons. Dances were condemned by religious authorities of that time because participants often eliminate the clothing accessory, made obscene gestures and carried out acts of a sexual nature. Clerics describes how chaotic and savage behaves, like that of animals, attributing blame Satan's evil actions.

Other features typical of those participants were intolerance for red and pointy shoes with a masochistic pleasure to hit the legs. The descriptions displayed on this medieval dancers wearing colorful clothing and having strange wooden sticks.

The most important dance epidemics

The first record of such an epidemic was in century X. A report from 1021 tells how Kolbig 12 peasants in Germany today would have danced around a church for months, after being cursed by a priest to lament for a whole year for Christmas service interruption. During the dance, 4 of the 12 peasants died, being stopped only with the help of two local bishops and prayers. The fact that these people needed time to feed and satisfy their, at least, physiological needs, there is no information. Because regardless of their physical and mental capabilities of these men could not last more than 2 days without food and water. But it was a huge effort to dance for hours and all energy resources are quickly exhausted.

In 1278, in Utrecht, a group of 200 people danced across the river Meuse bridge, causing its collapse and death of many of those dancers. A century later, in 1374, it held the largest outbreak of this kind, the disease called St. John, because it was held the feast of this saint. Thus, Aix-la-Chapelles (Aachen) gathered the crowd of people outside the city, led by a certain visual illusion (according to sources). This heretical dance, some being under the influence of hallucinations, so faint, finally, because of exhaustion. In the coming years, epidemics have spread outside the German area, it is set in France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium. Priests and clerics appeal to service of exorcism to treat patients who thought they were possessed. Ordinary people attempt to appease patients that turned violent applying them hard blows to the abdomen, but often, the dancers like to be hit. Tried and bringing musicians to accompany the sick, but this method attracts, even more, participants to dance, worsening the situation.

Later, it began in a seemingly ordinary summer day in mid-July, the year 1518. Then more than astonished eyes of its neighbors, Mrs. Troffea, a middle-aged woman, started dancing convulsively and without controlling the narrow streets of the city Strasbourg, France (then the settlement was part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation). It could hear no music, and grimaces, his gaze fixed and facial expression, shows no sign of joy or happiness. Thoughts that flared in the heads of the crowd that gathered more frightened and suspicious revolves around suspicions of insanity or demonic possession, the only explanation of the time for such a bizarre how she Mrs. Troffea output. The woman did not seem able to stop dancing, or what seemed to dance and began to frighten more and more viewers.

The first week it came with 34 people, and three weeks after 400 people gathered the crowd. Most dancers fainted after a few days due to exhaustion. Things went from bad to worse, for a period of one month, the number who had started from nowhere to dance, hop and jump instantly to falling killed by exhaustion,
exceeded 400 people. Doctors in those days were all declared powerless, for unfortunates were dancing as if in another world, no longer able to communicate with others. A priest came shortly turn to state inefficiency after jobs and exorcism sessions proved equally ineffective. And some, and others, like the nobles and the
common people, they soon realized that unwittingly dancers do not dance on their own initiative, which has fueled aimed opinion namely that Satan is involved in everything that happens. Were recorded deaths caused dance without stopping, heart attacks and fatigue are the main culprits. Concerned by this event, local nobles, clerics, and scholars were polled to find out the cause of these strange events. Upon learning that the disease had been caused by "hot blood", the authorities decided to let people dance day and night, hoping they would eventually get tired and stop. The central city has been released and a wooden stage was built in the middle of them to facilitate the dances. The authorities have decided to employ to musicians, dancers hope that helps.

Sufferers of this disease in the city of Strasbourg went on the pilgrimage to the relics of St. Vitus, the rumors saying that they had the miraculous power to treat this disease. Thus, St. Vitus became attached to John the Baptist, patron sufferers dancers. In the seventeenth century, Professor of Medicine Gregor Horst observe an event held each year at the chapel of St. Vitus in Drefelhausen: "Every year, the day of St. Vitus, women who come on pilgrimage dancing day and night until captured by ecstasy and faints. They then return to their normal lives to resume next year habit. "

Dance Mania seems to have disappeared somewhere in the middle of the seventeenth century. A specific phenomenon called tarantism and Italian space strikingly resembles the disease described above. Tarantism habit would be started in the thirteenth century, the Italian space when it was thought that the antidote to scorpion bites and tarantulas was tarantella dance. One of these dances is found today in Italian folklore. The dance is called "pizzicarella" and the video Alla Bua is an edificatory band.

With time, Tarantism has become a local tradition, accompanied by dances being sprayed with red wine parties. The phenomenon stopped abruptly in 1959, no longer practiced since.

Possible explanations
The explanations of this phenomenon have been hard to find, the answers to which data from multiple perspectives, especially in the medico-psychological and sociological. The most plausible explanation may be the boundary between these areas. Analyzing the periods in which these outbreaks occurred, the researchers found that they were held in intense periods of famine and poverty in the peasantry. Hunger, poor health and psychological stress affecting ordinary people would be produced mental instability, causing them to burst into fits of dancing, often violent.
The famine that bears peasants would be forced to consume and broken grains, which sometimes were infected mushroom hallucinogen effect. They were infecting them, in turn, consumers, and those under the symptom of mania dance.

Other explanations that do not belong to the scientific, presents these epidemics as some secret religious cults ceremony. Although in those days to be a heretic was a crime that was punishable by death, it is believed that these ceremonies pagan Greco-Roman inspiration and would have kept the guise of "plague of dance" to avoid repressive actions of the Catholic Church.



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Sunday, January 17, 2016

The same husband in a past life

In the last decade of the last century where husbands Johnson sparked a sensation in the former Soviet republic of Belarus, taking days at central headlines. The story began with Gerard Johnson, a common inhabitant of the city Philadelphia, United States. Since childhood Gerard felt a special attraction to everything that relate to "life after death". As a teenager, he has a firm belief that there is an "unexplained mechanism" by which experiences people can have effects beyond their physical disappearance. So when it came time to choose the path that will study chose without hesitation psychotherapy. The mysteries of brain function fascinated him. The day he learned that science today does not know even three percent of what it is capable human brain knew that this is the area that need to dedicate.
He loves everything paranormal means, after graduating psychotherapy hypnosis, he tried to prove that the human soul can incarnate several times and that certain memories of previous lives never erase from memory. The study results were beyond all expectations!
The first therapy session regression hypnosis performed them using as the subject of his wife, Lidya. At the
third meeting after managing to bring in a trance, she began to speak in an unknown language, recounting
what looked like a tragic event. Lydia's voice was astounding that turned into a serious, male. The woman was clearly pained but quiet. Suddenly, however, she started with the hands, head and screamed heartbreaking. Johnson was forced to pull away from trance prosper hard to comfort. Fearing that therapy does not have a negative impact on her mental state, the researcher decided to subject himself to the next experiment. So he turned to one of his professors in college who agreed to help to get hypnotic, Gerard Johnson began also to speak in an unknown tongue, but unlike Lydia, his voice was a typical female.
Both hypnosis audio were recorded on tape and subsequently submitted to several experts. Researchers have analyzed remained stunned: the couple had spoken the same language, Belarusian. Lydia gave his name as "Viktor" and told that he was "married" to a certain "Wanda" and Professor Johnson say "Wanda" woman who had a husband to "Viktor". Both were told that died the same day, March 22, 1943, burned alive.
Gerard could not understand how it was possible that the state of regression hypnosis to bring them both to him and his wife in the same place and especially on the same date. His first suspicion was that since he coordinated the meeting that his wife was exposed state of regression hypnosis, and that have all information about what his wife had relative was simply "charged" with this information which the influenced later in the meeting that he himself was subject.
He felt a terrible desire to try a new session, but the teacher assisting said that it is very dangerous for the brain to do two meetings at very short time intervals. As such it has to wait at least three months.
To find the answer to all its turmoil, Gerard Johnson has done as soon luggage, has drawn all the necessary formalities and to get on the plane and landed in the capital of Belarus, Minsk. He started to rummage through the papers and documents of the time, and not in vain. Very quickly, the American discovered that this time remained in the national history of Belarus as one terrible etched in the collective memory as the " Hatîn massacre '.
Hatîn from Belarus was a settlement with a population of 149 people. On 22 March 1943, the site was destroyed by German SS troops and collaborators from Battalion 118 Schutzmannschaft in retaliation for the help they had given to the partisans who fought against the Nazis villagers.
After the troops entered the village Hatîn, they blocked all roads. Battalion has formed in Kiev collaborationists Red Army deserters and former Soviet prisoners of war. The battalion leadership is former Soviet general staff Lieutenant Grigory Vasiura.
That morning, 6 km from the village, the partisans attacked a German military convoy and one of the officers had been killed. In retaliation for the death of Hans Woellke, former Olympic champion in Berlin (1936), it was decided Hatin killing villagers.
The entire population of the village - without exception: young and old, men, women, and children - were gathered in a barn of kolkhoz. Some children who tried to escape were shot. Some villagers were quite a few members of large families: Joseph and Anna Baranovsky with 9 children and Alexandr and Alexandra Novitki 7 children. Along with residents of Hatin have learned a villager from Iurkovici and a woman Kamenoi that were happening there.
Once the villagers gathered in the barn doors were shut. All around the building were piled straw and wood, they were sprayed with gasoline and set fire to them. The Wooden building was blazing fast. Under the pressure of those who are inside the barn doors were destroyed. Those with their clothes on fire tried to save themselves from the fire, were shot. In the building in flames destroyed the vast majority of villagers, including 75 children under 16 years. The whole place was also burned and destroyed.
Two girls, Maria Fedorovich, and Yulia Klimov managed to get out of the barn on fire and crawl to the forest, where they found the villagers in Hvorosteni Kamenskogo. Later, the village was burned by the Germans and lost track of the two girls.
Of the children who failed to get out of the barn, only two survived: Victor Jelobkovici (7 years) and Anton Baranovsky (12). Victor escaped under her dead mother's body. Anton, burned and wounded in the leg by a bullet explosive was found dead by the Germans. The two children were recovered by villagers from neighboring villages. After the war, they were brought up in an orphanage.

Among adult residents of the village, survived only blacksmith Joseph Kaminski, aged 56 years. Full of burns and wounds, he recovered from fainting late at night, after leaving the military police. The survivor was
shocked to find it right next to his son's body. They were used as a reason for the memorial monument.
In archives, blacklisting those killed, Gerard Johnson found the names of two people: Wanda and Viktor Iaskevici, 20 years young, apparently, newlyweds. They were the names that Gerard Johnson and his wife Lydia they uttered during hypnosis! American Psychiatric no longer any doubt: in the 40s of last century, he and Wanda were still husband and wife!

Gerard Johnson published his study in specialized journals both Russian and in the US, and the love story that crossed age impressed hundreds of readers. Later, American researcher revealed another thing, really amazing: his wife, Lydia, was still suffering from infancy to pyrophobia an overwhelming fear and inexplicable flames. Things become now clear, fear of fire Lydia had no reason other than that they are etched deeply in the memory of the tragic events that had occurred in a
previous life!


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Saturday, January 2, 2016

India - treasury temple - $ 14 billion

A treasure of huge value was found in a temple in India in 2011. The treasure consists of sacks of diamonds, statues of solid gold and even gold nuggets of unprocessed, jewelry, gold coins, vases and other objects of worship all gold. Following the estimates of specialists in the period since then, it seems that the value of the hoard is over 14 billion dollars. Indian believers treasure is priceless value because it assumes that the objects were gathered in secret rooms of the temple in a period of several hundred years if not more.
The discovery was based on the request of an Indian lawyer, who asked of Supreme Court of India as a Hindu temple government to provide security and protect wealth housed.
Underground chambers of the temple, housing the incredible treasure, carved deep in stone and difficult to access. You can only get them down the narrow stairs under total darkness.

The discovery was made in Padmanabhaswamy temple which is located in Thiruvananthapuram, KeralaIndia. The Padmanabhaswamy temple was built in the sixteenth-century kings who ruled the kingdom of Travancore. Local legends say the Travancore kings sealed immense wealth hid between stone walls and vaults of the temple.
After gaining independence by India, the temple has been controlled by descendants of the Travancore royal family. After 1947, the kingdom of Travancore merged with the princely state of Cochin, and later became
the province of Kerala.
The temple is built in an intricate fusion of the indigenous Kerala style and the Dravidian style of architecture associated with the temples located in the neighboring state of Tamil Nadu, featuring high walls, and a 16th-century Gopuram.
In June 2011, the Supreme Court directed the authorities from the archeology department and the fire services, to open the secret chambers of the temple for inspection of the items kept inside. 
Utharad Thirunal Marthanda Varma Maharaja, who was actually the manager Padmanabhaswamy temple official did not agree with the decision of the supreme court, according to BBC News. Varma maintains that it has every right to further control the temple, citing a special law adopted after the independence of India, the law that grants authority over the temple rulers of Travancore and their descendants.
The Supreme Court rejected the appeal filed by Marthanda Varma Thirunal Utharad, showing that in India today, the maharajahs do not have a special status, with the same rights and obligations as any ordinary citizen.
The temple has six hitherto known vaults (Kallaras), labeled as A to F, for book keeping purpose by the Court (Since, however, an Amicus Curie Report by Justice Gopal Subramaniam, in April 2014, has reportedly found two further subterranean vaults that have been named G and H). While vaults A and B have been unopened over the past many years the vaults C to F have been opened from time to time. The two priests of the temple, the 'Periya Nambi' and the 'Thekkedathu Nambi', are the custodians of the four vaults, C to F, which are opened periodically. The Supreme Court had directed that "the existing practices, procedures, and rituals" of the temple be followed while opening vaults C to F and using the articles inside while Vaults A and B would be opened only for the purpose of making an inventory of the articles and then closed. The review of the temple's underground vaults was undertaken by a seven-member panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India to generate an inventory, leading to the enumeration of a vast collection of articles that are traditionally kept under lock and key.
Among the reported findings, are a three-and-a-half feet tall solid pure golden idol of Mahavishnu, studded with hundreds of diamonds and rubies and other precious stones. Also found were an 18-foot-long pure gold chain, a gold sheaf weighing 500 kilos, a 36-kilo golden veil, 1200 'Sarappalli' gold coin-chains that are encrusted with precious stones, and several sacks filled with golden artifacts, necklaces, diadems, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, gemstones, and objects made of other precious metals.
Ceremonial attire for adorning the deity in the form of 16-part gold anki weighing almost 30 kilograms (66 lb), gold coconut shells studded with rubies and emeralds, and several 18th-century Napoleonic era coins were found many other objects. In early-2012, an expert committee had been appointed to investigate these objects, which include lakhs of golden coins of the Roman Empire, that were found in Kottayam, in Kannur District. According to Vinod Rai, the former Comptroller-and-Auditor-General(CAG) of India, who had audited some of the Temple records from 1990, in August 2014, in the already opened vault A, there is an 800-kilo hoard of gold coins dating to around 200 B.C, each coin priced at over 2.70 crores (US$ 0.5 million). Also found was a pure Golden Throne, studded with hundreds of diamonds and fully precious stones, meant for the 18-foot-long Deity. According to varying reports, at least, three, if not many more, solid gold crowns have been found, all studded with diamonds and other precious stones. Some other media reports also mention hundreds of pure gold chairs, thousands of gold pots and jars, among the articles recovered from Vault A and its antechambers.
Considering the huge amount of treasure, it's no surprise that controversy quickly arose. Treasure claimed both Buddhist believers and by the Hindus. Authorities say all the pieces to be exhibited in a museum
because they reflect an important part of India's history. The descendants of the Maharaja in the area where the temple is located, and they will treasure the royal meeting citing its contribution over time.
Many intellectuals, including former Supreme Court judge, VR Krishna, expressed the opinion that the temple wealth for the public good should be used. Currently, the Supreme Court ruled that the treasure remains the property of the temple, which is controlled by the royal family of Travancore-by.
 The penetration in the sixth underground room, it is a difficult mission for experts. They managed to open the outer door but gave in over an iron wall that protects wealth. When and how will enter the last room, the Supreme Court will decide. "Are further examinations before he opens the last room. We will analyze all aspects after the Court's decision, "said NM Krishnan, chairman of the Committee of Experts. Until then, local police installed video cameras, alarm systems and surrounded the house with troops standing guard.
Being so well defended, researchers assume that the treasure room will be the last and most precious. According to the ancient temple records, this room was opened last 136 years ago.

There are several temples in India harboring such treasures worth millions of euros, the majority of assets being raised from donations of gold jewelry and the expense of institutions that would require funds - hospitals, schools and universities.

Researchers say that the wealth amassed by maharajah of Travancore is largely due to trade routes that crossed the territory of the former feudal kingdom. "Merchants who came from all parts of India and abroad, bringing spices and other goods on these roads. They used to make large donations to temples to get the blessings of the gods and the land through which leaders goodwill," says PJ Cherian, director of Kerala Council for Historical Research, said.

There also exists the common Indian habit of making donations to the temple. When the donation was made by a person with a social status or wealth often important in offering consisted of gold. Over hundreds of years, this habit has become an important source of wealth hoard food. It is a separate question whether those offerings made to the gods of ordinary Indians belong by royalty in the area, especially since it gained independence with the status Maharaja Indian society has changed fundamentally.

A witness to India's transformation from imperial rule to a democratic polity, 90- year-old 'Maharaja of Travancore' Uthradom Tirunal Marthanda Varma has both pleasant and unpleasant memories but his two meetings with British Queen Elizabeth II are something he still cherishes.
The ex-head of the erstwhile royal house of Travancore, which ruled south Kerala before India became independent in 1947 and the princely states integrated into the Indian Union, he was struck by the sharp memory and knowledge of the Queen.
Elizabeth II was just seven years old when Uthradom Tirunal first met her in England in 1933. To his surprise, 21 years later, she recognized him and recalled their first acquaintance when they met again in Bangalore.
"She is a person of sharp memory and has great knowledge about India. I met her first in 1933 during my maiden visit to England. It was long before her coronation. She was then Princess Elizabeth. Her father, then Duke of York, was also there when I saw her," he told PTI in Thiruvananthapuram.
She had become the Queen of England when he met her during her Indian tour after the country's independence.
Going down the memory lane, he said, "In 1954, I was invited to a tea party hosted in honor of the Queen in Bangalore. She came with her husband to the party held at the Vidhan Soudha. I was keen to meet the Queen personally."
Uthradom Tirunal became head of the Travancore royal family in 1991 succeeding his elder brother Chithira Tirunal Balarama Varma, the last princely ruler of Travancore.He was all praise for the British administration in India except on a few counts. "I have never felt animosity towards the British. It is just because they had always shown respect and consideration towards Travancore rulers. They wanted some kind of treaty of friendship between us," he said.
"It is a state which contributed kings who had fasted with their people when they suffered in lean times. It is the land which taught rules the lessons of humbleness, compassion, and simplicity. No other place could be like my motherland."
On the recent discovery of priceless treasures in the vaults of Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram, the family shrine of Travancore royals, he said, "It has been in the temple vaults for centuries and the royal family has been well aware of that...It is the wealth of Lord Padmanabha and we have never ever felt any interest in it. It should be preserved as God's wealth in future also." 

Indian Maharaja was accused of stealing gold from the temple treasure, reports The Telegraph. Travancore Royal Family Leader Maharaja Uthradam Varma stole jewelry and coins from the treasure found in the
temple, according to some former employees of the temple. He is accused extracted valuables during morning prayers, the prime suspect after employees reported the thefts were fired from it.
Uthradom Tirunal died in 2013. His place was taken by his daughter Moolam Thirunal Rama Varma.


We will follow closely what will happen next with this treasure but the best thing would be for the entire Indian nation that treasures from temples to be made in favor of poverty eradication and educating young generations of Indians. Increased health of the population, solving huge problems with drinking water, ensuring a special status for children and young people so that they no longer have to work hard from a very young age, all these and many other problems that It could be solved only some of these treasures. It is sad that a people with such material wealth alone is not capable of solving development problems. We appreciate that spiritual wealth of India will be no change destination impaired by the objects of these treasures. But this is only the decision of the Indians, we can not be other than mere commentators.



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Monday, December 7, 2015

Epidemic of laughter

"It is well said that people think of as a flock; we can see that a freak in the head, but recovered slowly, one by one, "noted Charles Mackay, in 1841, in a book devoted to the social sciences.
A related experiment was conducted under the supervision of a group of scientists put five monkeys in a cage in the middle of a ladder cage. Above the staircase was placed a bunch of bananas. When a monkey climbing the stairs to take bananas, scientists threw a bucket of cold water that remains on the other foot. After some time, when a monkey tried to climb the stairs, the other did not allow her to climb. After long no monkey no longer climb the ladder, despite the temptation bananas.
  Then the scientists replaced one of the monkeys. The first thing that made it was trying to climb the ladder, but was held back by others and beaten. After a few beats, any member of the new group is no longer climb the ladder. A second monkey was replaced and the same thing happened. The first monkey replacement enthusiastically participated in the beating novice. A third was changed and things were repeated. The fourth and fifth were changed. Finally, scientists were left with five monkeys that had not received although never a bath with cold water continued to hit monkeys trying to reach the banana.
    If it was possible that monkeys be asked why he beat those who tried to climb the ladder, the answer would probably be "do not know. Things have always been like this ..."
Herd thinking explains, in part, a series of general mania that erupted over time. Crowds began to act strange phenomenon is degenerating quickly and just as quickly forgotten.

One of the strangest manifestations of herd thinking is epidemic in Tanzania and Uganda laughed. It appeared
at the end of January in 1962 at a school for girls in Kashasha. The laughter started from three students who have overreacted to a normal joke that appeared to have been actually affected by a strange epidemic,
whose causes have not been elucidated completely until today.
Shortly epidemic has affected 95 of the 159 students in the school and so was stopped classes, teachers are unable to control this situation more capable. Symptoms were lasting, may take several hours or even up to 16 days. Laughter was it is stronger to tears, but would be accompanied by rash, fits of fear or aggression, and sometimes patients experiencing pain, feeling panting because of respiratory problems, cry, cries involuntary and even unconsciousness. After seizures unexplained and unexpected laughter became weaker and stopped completely.

Ten days after the closure of the institution, the disease reappeared in a nearby village where they lived some of the girls who were sick. In total, about 217 residents were affected by the epidemic in April-May. Laughter epidemic has spread to other areas, every time there is a connection with a person on school girls. In total, they were affected by the epidemic over 1,000 persons in the two countries.
 Experts who have analyzed the phenomenon not found other symptoms that clear up the mystery disease and thus hypothesized that the epidemic was due to razor impact of psychoactive mushrooms, although evidence has never been found. The fact is that those affected were perfectly healthy people showed no abnormality to explain the disease, so the epidemic has still remained a mystery elucidated.
Outbreaks of infection ended only after a period of six months and has not been detected before. Of all happened because shaving epidemic in Tanzania concluded that came true adage "laughter can be contagious."

Gregariousness deeply tied to our species associated, contagion is a feature of human emotions, a result of the evolutionary process by which species strengthened adaptive resources and survival. When we respond and resonate with the emotions of our fellows, not only as we cultivate relationships with them, but we assure you that, under the universal principle of reciprocity will respond similarly when we need them, either to celebrate or for help when we are in difficulty.

A French film short film circulating on YouTube under the name of "Merci", trying to reproduce razor epidemic in Tanzania, in the Paris metro. The scenario is simple: an actor laughed without an obvious reason to be - maybe a bench and recalled that or a funny situation just lived it. Soon, all the passengers will follow in a laughing micro-epidemic.

Laughter is healthy, even those without reason. During shaving, the microbiological level, emissions occur hormones are beneficial emotional state and health and there was even laughter therapy that promises an improvement in emotional and changes the set of perceptions dramatic that keep us in a state of persistent sadness.




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Visits from the beyond

The fascination with the mysteries of this world has led to increased UFO so that the world expects the first contact with aliens recognized by the authorities. Proponents of the theory that there were ancient civilizations and they expect their return among us. We must not forget them nor those who believe that we are the fifth cycle of civilization and previous receded and live inside the Earth.

During this quest for unraveling the mysteries, there are times when characters or entities in the world of the dead make inroads into our world highlighting various emotions.

For centuries, Western culture has been conditioned by a materialist perspective that considers the universe as a giant machine composed of dead things. Recently, science has made discoveries that are revolutionizing worldview, opening new perspectives both on us as individuals and the nature of the cosmos in which we live.
"If I had another life," said Freud, "I devote a study occultism rather than psychoanalysis." Let's look
together several stories about one of the most exciting chapters of parapsychology: the world beyond appearances. They were selected and included in printed books recently signed by internationally renowned researchers and scientists.

A visitor in the kitchen

The most convincing evidence of this kind of events belongs to a doctor in psychology, Julian Burton, who conducted a scientific survey on the subject. At first, his questionnaires were sent to some American research institutes in Los Angeles extrasensory. The questions were strictly limited to the appointment of any contacts with people from the world beyond. Because the number of positive responses was huge (over 75% of all subjects) Burton suspected participants in the survey, researchers in psychology themselves, had been influenced by their interest in the world beyond. Then also sent questionnaires a row, this time, addressed to realistic profile universities. The answers again exceeded the rate of 50%, although subjects were future engineers and technicians. Encouraged by the effect his approach, English psychologist has composed more than 2,000 folders, continuing his work in California and Illinois.
Burton's interest in parapsychology appeared in dramatic circumstances linked to his mother's death in only 50 years. Very affected by its disappearance (brutally died in a car accident), six months after the death, suddenly he saw her in the kitchen of his apartment. "It was a night of September and had guests. I was cutting a pineapple in the kitchen when I heard behind me some steps. I thought it was my wife. I came back to ask where had Vessel salads, but before I stood my mother. She was visible, seemed much younger than the moment of death. He was wearing a costume blue with a fur collar, that not I had never seen her. Slowly, the figure disappeared. The next day, I called my sister to tell stories. He impressed a powerful and began to sob, wondering why there appeared to him and her. When I told she how our mother was dressed, remained simply bewildered, telling me that a week before the accident both had been shopping and mother tried costume, whom he wanted to and buy it. Unfortunately, it was firm and cost too much. "
At the time, Julian Burton was 31 years old and, although teaches psychology at a college, university returned to his doctorate on a topic extrasensory. "The emergence mother gave me the idea thesis. I have a feeling there are a lot of people who had lived similar experiences with mine. Even if the research we undertake at present I have stopped the rise in the hierarchy of teachers, I'm sure my effort will be rewarded. The two thousand cases registered with the relevant methods of inquiry, which will be added soon, a thousand, is a research-based concrete, which must be taken seriously. "
  
The boy sailor collar

 A paper based on the phenomenon of the apparitions of the world beyond English psychologist Andrew MacKenzie is the book entitled "Invisible and visible". Among the many stories inserted into it, and is that of a teacher from Essex, who later became the scenario of a hit television series. Ms. Judy Miles, aged 34, had participated in a baptism family party where he noticed a child of a particular beauty, which he had never seen him before. "He had blue eyes, a smiling face, wear long pants and a collared shirt style sailor. He ran among the other children, who devoured portions huge cakes, without eating anything. Do not talk to anyone and no one seemed to notice it. I overlooked, but when we got all goodbye, I noticed that the boy was gone. The next day, "recounts on Ms. Miles," I remembered him and I asked my daughter, aged 9 years if he knew who the boy that strange. No one had seen! None of the children who were running through the house resembled my description! That evening invites us to dinner my friend that I had been guests at the christening. I asked her who was the boy dressed in shirt sailor. After a moment of profound silence, she asked me, "have blue eyes and a smiling face?" I confirmed. Surprised - I was the first person who had seen what only they, the whole family had managed to see - he said that since lived in that house all the time the boy had seen. When it first appeared, heading toward the staircase climbs upstairs, thought it's a child on the street. But the front door was locked, and when he climbed after the baby was gone. Always came when she was alone in the house or when her children were playing in the rooms above. Do not say anything, but his presence was noticeable in that it could, for example, to hear footsteps in the corridor, while she was cooking in the kitchen. One day, she heard her son youngest, aged four years, speaking in his room. When lowered, he said he talked with the boy collar sailor who came to play with him.
Weather for six years, they were repeated occurrences of a dozen times until Amy and occupants on Road no. 10 have moved. During the preparation of luggage, baby blue eyes running here and there around the house, anxious. Then, while housing remained unoccupied for ten years, after which it was demolished, its place rising supermarket. "
There was never the boy who was with the angel face. The first owners, who had built the house, had no children, and the boy's clothes were far too modern to have lived here in the past century. The case illustrates how you can not better that not everyone can see the world beyond appearances, but only certain persons elected not know what criteria and especially young children.

The woman in elevator
One of the most impressive contemporary appearances is told by Dr. Elisabeth Kubler Ross, in her book "Death is a sunrise". Anesthesiologist in a hospital emergency American was the first specialist who studied the phenomena related to near-death, accompanying thousands dying in their journey to the threshold of the world. One day, when to take the elevator to the classroom of the university where he worked as a teacher invited Elisabeth Kubler-Ross noticed a woman. He stared at her and smiled. Amazingly, doctor and realized that faces one of his former patients from the emergency, who died a year ago. The appearance was airy but not transparent, not see through it. "Dr. Ross - woman addressed him with a clear voice - forgive me, but I had to come back. May I escort you home? I'll wait until you finish the seminary."
"I am a doctor with two majors," comments the story in the book, Dr. Elisabeth Ross. "Psychiatrist and anesthesiologist. I worked a long time with the schizophrenic patient and love them. When I describe hallucinations their visual, tell them," I know, just a virgin wall. But I can not see it. "Now, I say the same things to me: "Elisabeth, you know I see the dead in front of you. But it can not be true".
During the car ride back home, I wondered if what happens is possible. I repeat: "I'm too tired. I need a vacation. I have to touch this apparition to see if there really is. '"
Dr. Ross reached out to the woman to see if she will dissipate touch. He touched the skin, to see if it's hot or cold. "It was the worst experience of my life," she says. "When I arrived at my front door, opened it as if I were invited her. With an irresistible delicacy, he said to me:" Dr. Ross, had to come from the other world, for two reasons: first, to thank you for everything you have done for me before he died. But the real reason of my presence here is a plea: Do not abandon your research on death, not now. "I looked, telling me invariably it's not true. I remember the name: the woman in front of me was called Eva Schwarz, died and was buried a year ago. In addition, I did not believe in visions and apparitions from beyond the grave. "
To be convinced that dreams, Elisabeth Ross hit a few familiar objects on the desk. A touch wood table chair sitting. All concrete was present, no dreams. Guest bizarre asked her then if she knew how you can find the priest had shared before dying in the hospital room. The scientist who was Dr. Ross then had a flicker of lucidity. "The priest currently lives in Urbana. He would be happy to receive

from you a few words in writing. Take a pencil and a paper." The occurrence took utensils, noting a few letters on the sheet immaculate: Eva Schwarz. "Of course - says Elizabeth Ross - I kept that map like a treasure. I never could share anyone my experience so terrifying, but the paper's why I put it in a frame and keep it in my office."
"The case Schwarz (as it's called in the literature) is considered particularly interesting because it was reported by a doctor of international reputation and, especially, because the appearance has left physical evidence about its return to earth. An exceptional thing! "
Clearly, when people also part happenings, positivist spirits consider them "detractors" or "crazy". Because of this, most of them prefer to remain silent and speak only with people you trust, usually people who have lived the same kind of experience.
"Have you ever been in contact with a dead person?" He asked his readers, the American magazine "National Opinion Research Center" at the University of Chicago. 27% of respondents answered positively. When added to widows and answers, sample increased to 51%. Repeated recent survey found that 38% of adolescents had this kind of experience...

Tenants of the Père Lachaise cemetery

Alexandra Cazorla is a highly-medium in psychometrics. When it touches an object in contact with those to whom they belonged. She consults many people keen to discover facts were forgotten, unresolved past. One day, he visited a woman who programmed the secretary, without leaving his name. She was young but strange that Alexandra remembered that a more common insight festival held in Cannes. A then struck by her behavior bizarre and very long black hair. He came dressed in black with a long dress and lace gloves. Alexandra addressed him, telling him: "I was looking for." Since it was July and very hot woman's outfit was, at least, unusual, but more surprising was the strong smell of mothballs which they spread. At one point, someone offering a glass of water, and she refused, saying "never drink" and disappeared into the crowd after it warned that Alexandra will look. And here I am now the seat of the office: the same skirt in the ground and with the same lace gloves. "She was pale, thin, almost diaphanous, with long hair down to his waist that. I think it's flat, it has no relief. She spoke a jerky, metallic and strident voice. She complained that her mother did not want to recognize talent as a musician. She opened the purse of which drew several scores torn and yellowed. Her face does not have any expression, any little smile. I felt that living a drama. my eye was drawn to a silk shawl, he wore wrapped around his neck. "I was strangled," he said. The increasingly astonished, I asked her where she lives. "In the Pere Lachaise cemetery," he replied. "In nearby You mean! "." Oh just in the cemetery, "he insisted. Then she said a number of an alley of the cemetery. I felt that I was a chill. When the meeting was over, pulled from his bag a small coin, that I spread it. I had the feeling that the only penny he had. It was a piece of silver French, as never seen before. Perplexed, I have the courage to speak and I accompanied her to the door. He declined to go into my face. I could feel the presence back at all pleasant! When we arrived finally at the door and I opened to let her pass into the antechamber where the secretary, the woman in black was gone! I kept the currency. It's dated 1880. I keep it in a box, lock, but I never touch, lest they come back appearance. "

Dr. Moody and mirrors

Mirrors and other reflective surfaces seem to facilitate the phenomenon of the apparitions. The ancient Greeks and Egyptians used them successfully to predict the future. Drawing on "psychomanteum" of the Greeks, Dr. Raymond Moody, author of the famous bestseller "Life after Life", has developed a vision through mirrors that facilitate the meeting with members Deceased family. Among the many experiments organized by the famous professor, there are some downright drugs, lived in the community, along with students and colleagues, academics. In his books, Dr. Moody says that these meetings were lived out as real events, not as something taking imaginary. "All subjects who participated in the experiences I have confirmed that these meetings were perfectly real and that had felt the real presence of those he had left behind some deaths. Fifteen percent of the cases, subjects have even heard the voice of the dead a voice perfectly audible. In some cases, the communication took place through telepathy. Raymond Moody writes: "Twenty-five percent of those who wanted to review a deceased have not seen until after returning home. It seems that the success of the experiment will depend on the evocative power of imagination and emotion of their meeting calls for a dead lover, whose memory is celebrated constantly ".




photo credit: google.com

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